Palavras-chave
Deep Web. Dark Web. BitCoin. Money laundry
Deep Web
Dark Web
Bitcoin
Money laundry
Deep Web
Dark Web
Bitcoin
Money laundry
Como Citar
Palitot Braga, R. R., & Barbosa Luna, A. A. (2018). Dark web and bitcoin: an analysis of the impact of digital anonymate and criptomoids in the practice of money laundering crime. Direito E Desenvolvimento, 9(2), 270–285. https://doi.org/10.25246/direitoedesenvolvimento.v9i2.900
Resumo
This article analyzes some of the existing digital anonymity technologies, as well as their impact on the process and facilitation of the money laundering process. It presents the concept of superficial Internet and clarifies the difference between the Deep Web and the Dark Web, exposing how it works one of its most important operating structures, the TOR protocol. It also details the operation of BitCoin, one of the most important crypto-coins today, and draws a parallel on how these technologies can impact the practice of money laundering, as well as discusses the capacity of the mechanisms currently in place to curb and punish it. The anonymity guaranteed by the use of BitCoin is so much that in the first half of May 2017, hackers infected thousands of computers in dozens of countries, including Brazil, the United Kingdom, the United States, China, Russia, Spain and Italy, encrypting computer files and requiring redemption payment for the coded data.
Referências
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ROHR, Altieres. FBI fecha Silk Road, site secreto para comércio de drogas ilícitas. G1.com, Oct 02 2013. Available at: http://g1.globo.com/tecnologia/noticia/2013/10/fbi-fecha-silk-road-site-secreto-para-comercio-de-drogas-ilicitas.html. Accessed on: 12 Dec. 2016.
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UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO. Museu Virtual da Informática do Departamento de Sistemas de Informação. Breve história da INTERNET. Available at: http://piano.dsi.uminho.pt/museuv/INTERNET.PDF. Acesso em: 14 dez. 2016.
TAYLOR, McCartney. Deep Web vs. Surface Web. Deep Web Search. Available at: http://deep-web.org/what-is-the-deep-web/deep-web-vs-surface-web/. Accessed on: 13 Dec. 2016.
WINTER, Alex; SCHILLER, Marc; ZIPPER, Glen. Deep Web. [Movie-video]. Production of Alex Winter, Marc Schiller and Glen Zipper. Available on: http://www.netflix.com. Accessed on: 13 Dec. 2015.
YANDEX.COM. What is a search engine robot. Available at: https://yandex.com/support/webmaster/robot-workings/robot.xml. Accessed on: 07 dez. 2016.
BBC.COM. Swiss Council to accept Bitcoin payments. 10 mai. 2016. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-36257465. Accessed on: 15 Dec. 2016.
BBC.COM. O que se sabe até agora do ‘sequestro’ de computadores em grandes empresas ao redor do mundo. 12 mai. 2017. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/geral-39903918. Accessed on: 17 May 2017.
BITCOIN.COM. What is Bitc oin? Available at: https://www.bitcoin.com. Accessed on: 13 Dec. 2016.
BITCOIN.ORG. How does Bitcoin work? Available at: https://bitcoin.org/en/how-it-works. Accessed on: 13 Dec. 2016.
BRAGA, Romulo Rhemo Palitot, Lavagem de dinheiro: fenomenologia, Bem Jurídico Protegido e Aspectos Penais Relevante. Curitiba: Juruá, 2013.
BRAGA, Romulo Rhemo Palitot; MARTINS, Fabiano Emídio de Lucena. Blanqueo de capitales y el tráfico de drogas en la deep web: el avance de la delincuencia virtual. In: Caty Vidales Rodrigues. (Org.). Trafico de Drogas y Delincuencia Conexa. 1st ed. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, 2014, v. 01, p. 405-424.
BRANDON, John. Why Email Will Be Obsolete by 2020. Inc.com, 16 Apr. 2015. Available at: http://www.inc.com/john-brandon/why-email-will-be-obsolete-by-2020.html. Accessed on: 12 Jan. 2017.
CCM BENCHMARK GROUP. História da Internet. Available at: http://ccm.net/contents/231-historia-da-internet. Accessed on 14 Dec. 2016.
CIANCAGLINI, Vincenzo et al. Below the Surface: Exploring the Deep Web. 2015. Available at: https://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_below_the_surface.pdf. Accessed on: 03 Dec. 2016.
CRESPO, Marcelo. Deep Web: o submundo do crime. Jusbrasil, 2015. Available at: https://canalcienciascriminais.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/211380741/deep-web-o-submundo-do-crime. Accessed on: 06 Dec. 2016.
G1.COM. Ciberataques em larga escala atingem empresas no mundo e afetam Brasil. 12 mai. 2017. Available at: http://g1.globo.com/tecnologia/noticia/hospitais-publicos-na-inglaterra-sao-alvo-cyber-ataques-em-larga-escala.ghtml. Accessed on: 12 May. 2017.
GOOGLE.COM. Como exibir seus anúncios acima dos resultados da pesquisa do Google. Google Ads Help. Available at: https://support.google.com/adwords/answer/1722087?hl=en. Accessed on: 04 Dec. 2016.
GOOGLE.COM. HTTPS nos principais sites. Google Ads Help. Available at: https://www.google.com/transparencyreport/https/grid/. Accessed on: 06 Dec. 2016.
INIESTA, Diego J. Gómez, El Delito de Blanqueo de Capitales en el Derecho Español, Barcelona: Cedecs, 1996.
HUGHES, Eric. A Cypherpunk’s Manifesto. Eletronic Frontier Fundation, 1993. Available at: https://w2.eff.org/Privacy/Crypto/Crypto_misc/cypherpunk.manifesto. Accessed on: Dec. 13 2016.
KIVIAT, Trevor I. BEYOND BITCOIN: issues in regulating blockchain transactions. Duke Law Journal. p. 569-608, v. 65. 2015. Available at: http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dlj/vol65/iss3/4. Accessed on: 01 Dec. 2016.
MARTINS, Fabiano Emídio de Lucena: Lavagem de Dinheiro e Paraísos Fiscais: a Captura da Economia pelo Crime Organizado. Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro. 2018.
MARTINS, Elaine. O que é um backbone? TechMundo, 10 Mar. 2009. Available at: https://www.tecmundo.com.br/conexao/1713-oque-e-backbone-.htm. Accessed on: 06 Dec. 2016.
MATONIS, Jon. Bitcoin gaining market-based legitimacy as the XBT. CoinDesk, 17 Sept. 2013. Available at: http://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-gaining-market-based-legitimacy-xbt/. Accessed on: 15 Dec. 2016.
MAY, Timothy C. The Crypto Anarchist Manifesto. 1992. Available at: http://www.activism.net/cypherpunk/crypto-anarchy.html. Accessed on: 07 Dec. 2016.
MICROSOFT.COM. Adicionar crédito a sua conta da Microsoft usando Bitcoins. 12 May 2017. Available at: https://support.microsoft.com/pt-br/help/13942/microsoft-account-add-money-with-bitcoin. Acessed on: 12 May 2017
MIGALHAS. Juiz que determinou bloqueio do WhatsApp diz que empresa zomba do Judiciário. 17 set. 2013. Available at: http://www.migalhas.com.br/s/17,MI240083,101048Juiz+que+determinou+ bloqueio+do+WhatsApp+diz+que+empresa+zomba+do. Acessed on: 12 mai. 2017.
MITCHELL, Bradley. What is an IP Address? Lifewire, Oct. 29. 2016. Available at: https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-an-ip-address-818393. Accessed on: 10 Dec. 2016.
NAKAMOTO, Satoshi. Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Available at: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. Accessed on: Dec. 14 2016.
NEGHAIWI, Brenna Hughes. Low tax Zug aims to become Switzerland’s ‘Crypto Valley’. Reuters, 08 Sep. 2016. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-swiss-fintech-cryptovalley-idUSKCN11E0L9. Accessed on: 15 Dec. 2016.
PC MAGAZINE. Definition of: surface Web. Available at: http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/52273/surface-web. Accessed on: 12 dez. 2016.
ROHR, Altieres. FBI fecha Silk Road, site secreto para comércio de drogas ilícitas. G1.com, Oct 02 2013. Available at: http://g1.globo.com/tecnologia/noticia/2013/10/fbi-fecha-silk-road-site-secreto-para-comercio-de-drogas-ilicitas.html. Accessed on: 12 Dec. 2016.
SILVA, Douglas Emanuel da. Aspectos de segurança na rede Bitcoin. In: Coletânea Luso-Brasileira: Gestão da Informação, Cooperação em Redes e Competitividade. Francisco Alberto Severo de Almeida; Armando Barreto Malheiro da Silva, Mário José Batista Franco and Carla Conti de Freitas (organizers). Porto (Portugal): University of Porto, 2014, p. 221-249.
SOUZA, Ramon de. Além dos bitcoins: conheça outras moedas virtuais. TechMundo, Nov 05 2013. Available at: https://www.tecmundo.com.br/bitcoin/46659-alem-dos-bitcoins-conheca-outras-moedas-virtuais.htm. Accessed on: 11 Dec. 2016.
UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO. Museu Virtual da Informática do Departamento de Sistemas de Informação. Breve história da INTERNET. Available at: http://piano.dsi.uminho.pt/museuv/INTERNET.PDF. Acesso em: 14 dez. 2016.
TAYLOR, McCartney. Deep Web vs. Surface Web. Deep Web Search. Available at: http://deep-web.org/what-is-the-deep-web/deep-web-vs-surface-web/. Accessed on: 13 Dec. 2016.
WINTER, Alex; SCHILLER, Marc; ZIPPER, Glen. Deep Web. [Movie-video]. Production of Alex Winter, Marc Schiller and Glen Zipper. Available on: http://www.netflix.com. Accessed on: 13 Dec. 2015.
YANDEX.COM. What is a search engine robot. Available at: https://yandex.com/support/webmaster/robot-workings/robot.xml. Accessed on: 07 dez. 2016.
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